Effects of Technology Essay - 1208 Words

Advancement in technology has affected many people in many ways. New technology has altered peoples consciousness, language, and the way society views the world. Technological advancements have made the world smaller, and have made things easier. Computers have been the inventions that have advanced so much since they were developed and have had such a big impact on humanity. Computers were originally developed to use for doing calculations and have come to the point that people cannot function normally without them. quot;Humans were once considered to be superior to all other creatures of the Earth. The reason for human supremacy was the ability to think, process data, store information, and perform calculationsquot;(Silver,†¦show more content†¦Computers provide assistance for many applications such as handling money and record keeping. Though they can be useful, computers can be bad if used improperly. Computers were not developed to think for us; they do not think but rather follow directions. Computers are thought to have changed society but in actuality society has allowed computers to change them. People rely on their computers for everything even tasks that can be accomplished without using a computer. A prime example of this is the internet. Internet The internet was first introduced in 1983 as an extended source of information. Internet access provides the user with information about almost any topic. On-line services, which provide reference materials, electronic mail, and the internet, provide anything and everything a person could possibly need to know about. Instead of writing and mailing a letter to a friend, you could send e-mail directly to his/her computer. Rather than going to the library to do research, a person could sit in front of the computer and find that same information within a matter of minutes. A user on the internet could also go shopping, watch a movie, or talk to unknown people across the world. quot;Millions of people on every continent participate in computer-mediated social groups called virtualShow MoreRelatedTechnology And Its Effects On Technology1411 Words   |  6 PagesTechnology and its Effects The term technology originated from the Greek word ‘technologia’. Technology refers to the use of machines and various tools that make our daily work lives simpler, easier and organized. The word also refers to the different tools, gadgets, and resources used by humans so as to help them control and adapt to their environment appropriately (Bridgman, 5}. Technology also refers to the knowledge of techniques and processes and is embedded mostly in machines used as factorsRead MoreTechnology And Its Effect On Technology971 Words   |  4 Pagesme, the technology is just like a door which brings me to an absolutely new world. It is also like a wire that connects me and the outside world. The first thing that I do before getting up and the last thing that I do before going asleep is checking my cell phone. Every day, I do homework, write blogs, send and receive emails, take photos, know about the latest news, and chat with friends with the aid of technologies. My attitude toward technology is complex. I am obsessed with technology which makesRead MoreEffects Of Technology On Technology1622 Words   |  7 Pagesmany countries have transformed into a modern society completely. Human beings invent many technologies to meet their own needs and for society. Technology has created a lot of comfort for humans, but because of this convenience, people are increasingly dependent on technology. The technology that influences humans today is computers, including smartphones. Computers are one of the most advanced technologies that people made. It has a variety of capabilities that can be used in various tasks, learningRead MoreThe Effects Of Technology On Technology1220 Words   |  5 Pagesbecome more and more dependent on technology. I myself have watched it invade my home and become an essential part of my life. Almost every household in the United States in connected to social media in some way. Many of us have become so dependent on it that we feel like we’ve lost a part of ourselves when we lose out phones. Technology has given us the power to make major leaps in medicine, communication and entertainment. With all of this wonderful new technology it makes me wonder, is it affectingRead MoreTechnology And Its Effects On Technology982 Words   |  4 Pagespicture how human’s life becomes less and less difficult because of the help of the technology. Less work means less energy spent. That is why humans become fatter and fatter. Analyzing the photos brings us to the assumption that the current humans have little to do. The robots have provided and offered their services intended to make human’s life better. Nguyen further criticizes that the over reliance on technology, which is in a way has made humans’ life more convenient is inevitably leading themRead MoreTechnology And Its Effects On Technology Essay1098 Words   |  5 Pagesother hand, this total inclusion of and reliance on technology in the classroom has seemingly led students to become dependent on it. For example, when reviewing various writing assignments, Ms. I found that a vast majority of her students neglected to capitalize the word â€Å"I.† When asking her students about it, they stated that Microsoft Word often corrects their mistake so they grew accustomed to not having to worry about it since the technology they used always corrected it for them. However, GoogleRead MoreTechnology And Its Effect On Technology957 Words   |  4 PagesAre we becoming way too dependent on technology and allowing it to take over our lives? The majority of people own at least one or more of these devices: a computer, lapto p, tablet, or a cell phone. So many people seem unable to function through their daily routine without having access to some form of technology device. I’m willing to bet that you have at least two of these devices in your home, too. Now, stop and think about how often we use technology devices throughout the day. As a result ofRead MoreThe Effects Of Technology On Technology744 Words   |  3 PagesChildren are growing up with all this technology interfering with the childrens childhood and health. Parents should limit screen time for their children two hours a day. Technology is over powering our world today. Parents shouldnt introduce technology to their childrens life quite yet wait until the children are at least three or four years of age. The use of digital device during a young age can interfere with the childs health. If the children are exposed to digital devices when they areRead MoreEffects of Technology925 Words   |  4 PagesApril 20, 2011 Effects of Technology Miguel Angel Rodriguez Effects of Technology Technology has been a great impact in our lives. It has quickly developed and continues to expand in our lives. As new generations develop, new technological devices continue to develop as well. Some believe that technology has had a good impact in our lives like Richard Woods. Others like me believe that technology brings a lot of negative effects to our personal and social lives as Sarah Kershaw mentions. WeRead MoreThe Effects of Technology893 Words   |  4 Pages . Technology has changed so many of the ways in which we live our lives, from the invention of the wheel to the advanced systems we use and take for granted everyday. Technology was once taboo in most house holds while people still clung to the idea that life was built on life experiences. Nicholas Carr stated in, Is Goggle making us stupid? Back in the fourth century, BCE, Plato complained that writing (then a fairly new technology) was destroying peoples memory, yet he wrote

Anti Discriminatory Practice Gender and sexism Free Essays

Anti discriminatory practice is about taking positive action to counter discrimination. It is about being pro active and presenting positive images of the diversity of people that make up our society and also challenging any discriminatory or oppressive language and behaviour. There are several kinds of discrimination, such as more commonly known, racism, disablism and ageism. We will write a custom essay sample on Anti Discriminatory Practice: Gender and sexism or any similar topic only for you Order Now One of the things we do when meeting people is to make assumptions about them. This is partly based on how we see ourselves as similar or different to other people. We may respond to these similarities and differences positively or negatively. This booklet will be looking at gender inequality and how we can perhaps overcome and diverse the discrimination in sexism. SEXISM. The Sex Discrimination Act (SDA) is written in terms of discrimination against women but it applies equally to discrimination against men. These guidelines are written as if the discrimination applies to a woman but they should be read as also applying to a man. There are three types of discrimination which can apply to services. (Source from www. equalopportunitiescommission. o. uk). Direct sex discrimination Where a woman is treated less favourably than a man in similar circumstances because of her sex (s. 1 (1) (a) SDA). It is direct sex discrimination if: * financial institutions insist that a married woman who wants a loan must apply jointly with her husband (unless all married applicants are always required to apply jointly with their partners) Indirect sex discrimination Where a condition or requirement is applied equally to both women and men but, in fact, it adversely affects more women than men and is not genuinely necessary (s. 1 (1)(b) SDA). For example, it may be indirect sex discrimination if: * A mortgage provider only gives mortgages to people who work full-time. Although this condition would apply to both sexes it is likely to adversely affect more women than men since more women work part-time. Many part-time workers are in permanent, secure, well-paid jobs and some can earn more than full-timers, so a refusal to give mortgages or loans solely because the applicant works part-time is unreasonable. Victimisation Where a person has been treated less favourably compared to others because he/she made a complaint of sex discrimination. It also applies to those who assist the person. For example: A woman who took a sex discrimination claim under the employment provisions of the SDA against an amusement arcade was banned from using the facilities of the arcade. Witnesses who appeared for her at the employment tribunal were also banned. The woman and the witnesses would have a claim of victimisation against the owners of the arcade. (www. equalopportunitiescommission. co. uk) GENDER INEQUALITY. Sexism is a set of beliefs, practices and institutional structures which reinforces and is reinforced by patriarchy. A longstanding definition of sexism is: a deep rooted, often unconscious system of beliefs, attitudes and institutions in which distinctions between peoples intrinsic worth are made on the grounds of their sex and sexual roles (in Bullock and Stallybrass, 1977, p. 571). *†The achievement of equality between men and women is a matter of human rights and a condition of social justice†. Fourth UN World Conference on Women, Beijing, September 1995 (Department of Education and Employment, 1995). Sexism operates within a system of patriarchy. Patriarchy is one of the structural dimensions of society which is strongly associated with the sexist culture. This demeans and disempowers women and sows the seeds for the prejudice of women in terms of both attitudes and behaviour. Weber (1947) had used this concept to describe sexism. He used the term â€Å"the law of the father† to refer to the dominance of men within the family. The use of this term however, has been extended to describe the dominance of the males within the employment area and its reflection in the distribution of power. For example in the military forces, technology, universities, science, political and even religious sectors. (Such as the pope is and has always been male). So therefore, this suggests male dominance in most areas. Richard Webb and David Tossell (1999) report the following statements; *Women are an oppressed majority. *They represent up to 51% of the UK population, yet they do not have the same rights as men nor do they have the same access to resources as men do. * Women are less likely to obtain the same sort of jobs as men or positions of power. They earn less then men and are a lot more vulnerable to employment. They tend to be in less prestigious jobs and less secure forms of employment. This is mainly due to the discrimination that women are seen as the main â€Å"carer† role of the genders, being seen as the mother and the role to be the homemaker rather than the breadwinner, which is stereotypically seen as the male role. However, the biological differences within the roles are as such, that men are not able to conceive or give birth to children. Women, however do have that capability in being able to give birth and breast feed children. Barrett and McIntosh have argued that the family is oppressive to women and that it is an anti social institution. (Barrett and McIntosh 1982). They argue that the nuclear family promotes individualistic rather than social or collective values, and its privatised nature excludes those outside of it. *Women do more housework than men. The discriminatory process is known as structural sexism. This begins at birth and is maintained through childhood. Stereotypical roles are played within the family. While society is constantly changing and the attitudes towards equality are constantly being changed the ground in attitudes and beliefs are so firmly rooted the change is only very gradual. The gender role stereotyping in families are still abundant. For example, the mother stays at home to nurture the children whilst the father is out at work providing for the family. The girls tend to follow the role of the mother helping in household chores, such as cleaning and cooking, whilst the boys tend to follow the fathers role in helping fix the car or watching football! These social roles are defined within society, but because of the nature/nurture debate, they do appear to be biological differences and are therefore accepted and appreciated more easily. It is not just a matter of differences within the sexes. Abercrombie et al. 2000) argues that issues of gender (and gender inequality) now occupy a central place in sociological discussion. He quotes: â€Å"Gender is the social aspect of the differentiation of the sexes. Sociological discussion in this area recognises that social rather than biological processes are the key to understanding the position of women (and men) in society. Notions that a woman’s biology, such as her capacity to bear children, determined the shape of her life have been replaced by complex debates as to how different social processes interact to produce a great variety of patterns of gender relations. Emphasis shifted towards understanding the diversity of the social practices which constitute gender in different nations, classes and generations. (p. 193). This statement clarifies that there are inevitable differences between the sexes. The roles that societies define are not going to change dramatically because of this huge, yet inconceivably big difference of males and females. Although the roles of women in society are changing in the aspects of work and relationships, the biological aspects of women are always going to remain the same. GENDER STEREOTYPING IN YOUTH GROUPS. The Brownie and Girl Guide Movement was set up as a youth group for girls. Originally, they were named the Rosebuds. The idea behind it was that the girls were fed up that the boys were allowed to have their own group, (the Boy Scouts) and the girls were left out of all the fun. The Rosebuds originally had to do menial feminine tasks, such as cooking, cleaning and sewing for the Scouts. Eventually the girls were not happy with the name Rosebuds and had the name changed to the Girl Guide Movement. The name Rosebuds in itself suggests the sexist views of women and girls, as the name is very feminine. The original tasks the girls had to do were based around helping the Boy Scouts, which also suggests the sexist way in which society viewed girls and women. The ideas and values which were instilled into the girls was that they were the homemakers. The Girl Guides had to make sure they always had their uniform clean and always came â€Å"prepared†. This still is a big motto within the movement. Years ago â€Å"being prepared† meant having certain items in your purse which included a safety pin and small sewing kit. This was not something the Boy Scouts had to do. The earning of badges is encouraged in the Movement as a way of setting up your independence for the future. However, the contrast in the types of tasks involved in the badges between the males and females are still quite divided. There are more homemaking badges within the girl guides, such as textiles, homemaking, which is the cleaning and organising of your home/bedroom for some weeks, childcare badge, tea badge, which involves the preparing of cakes, biscuits and tea for a fundraising event. These are still the most popular badges which are given out to the girl Guides. This is because the values and ideas within the movement have still not changed a huge deal from being the homemaker as they are females. The Movement now as it stands has changed immensely. The Girl Guide movement now encourages independence and camping as the Boy Scouts have been doing for many years. As a voluntary Youth Group the Girl Guide Movement empowers the girls to lead independent lives, encourages social relationships with both sexes, shows positive regard for each young person and provides opportunity for personal growth. This is quite a contrast from the once quite feminine ideas, role forming and principles which were once held. ANTI DISCRIMINATORY PRACTICE The way in which this is done is through a number of different policies that the youth leaders have all adhered to within the movement. The following are some suggested guidelines that could be given in order for the Youth group to be effectively run in a way that there may be less discrimination in the group. 1. Respecting individuality. 2. Trusting people 3. Encouraging good interpersonal and communication skills 4. Promoting positive social relationships 5. Young girls being involved in decision making 6. Providing a range of group work and social activities, including community involvement and more involvement within the Scouting activities. 7. The use of youth’s meetings to enable people to have an opportunity to influence and assist with planning, especially the young females, who have been previously excluded from or uninvolved in other activities. 8. Principles of inclusion independence and enablement are key issues. Alongside these principles, a staff team that is working together, receiving supervision opportunities for learning and development, is required. Also to understand the need to work collaboratively by supporting multi professional and agency working. I feel that these policies are very important in all work. However with the involvement of young girls and women, it is important not to categorise their roles into somewhat of a homemaker role. To allow the girls to develop and flourish their own ideas and principles within the group they are involved and to develop these attitudes within their home environment is a positive way of diversing the discrimination females have within society. 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Storm Water Management Essay Example Essay Example

Storm Water Management Essay Example Paper Storm Water Management Essay Introduction Storm Water Management Storm Water Management Essay Body Paragraphs Outline 1. Introduction 1.1. What is Storm Management? 1.2. How does it occur? 1.3 Why it is important to the environment?2. Body Measures that are used in Storm Water Management 2.1. Low Impact Development 2.2. Green Infrastructure 2.3 Sustainable Site Design 2.4 Environmental Site Design 2.5 Minimization of Pollutants in the Runoff 2.6 The Use of Structural Soils and Trees 3. Conclusion 4. References Introduction Storm Water Management Storm water is formed when rainwater and snowmelts, but the water is not absorbed into the soil but remains in the atmosphere. This is because of roads, rooftops, driveways and several other surfaces prevent the water from being absorbed or reaching the ground. As a result, the volume and speed of the runoff water increases the water found on earth’s surface. This occurrence happens every time it rains and increases if it is left unchecked. The flow of this water causes flooding, soil erosion and destruction of creatures’ habitats in th e rivers and streams. How big the additional drainage region is, how the area of land inclines, the types of soils, and vegetation on a piece of land all affect how water drains. The Environment Protection Agency clearly states that municipalities that are affected by storm water get permits for the discharges that are got from it. This is in order to decrease the effects of runoffs on the urban surfaces and so that people can do their best to preserve the environment. This and other approaches have been adopted so that the environment can be conserved. Other measures are discussed in this paper (United States 1993). Low Impact Development This is an approach for managing the storm water, by using decentralized and distributed micro-scale controls. The goal of this approach is to maintain the runoff around its source. The land surrounding the affected area is developed or redeveloped. It achieves this by using techniques such as evaporation, storage and filtration preserving and rec reating natural landscape features, infiltration, minimizing effectual invulnerability to make useful and appealing site drainage with the intention of treating storm water as a reserve instead of a desecrate product. This is to say that the approach deals with the water in small scales, instead of waiting until it accumulates then treating it where it drains. The practices used ensure that the natural features of the drainage systems are maintained. When used well, it can restore a watershed’s hydrological role. It is highly encouraged as it can be applied in many developed areas, redeveloping areas and as a booster to other methods (Urbonas, Stahre, P., Stahre, 1993). Green Infrastructure This concept originated from the United States other countries have since adopted it because of its success rate. The method emphasizes on how important it is to think about the natural environment when making decisions about land use. It incorporates the use of green infrastructures in t he natural systems that capture the storm water, cleanse and reduce it with microbes, plants and soils. Green infrastructure is made of networks of open and natural areas, which improve the quality of water, while at the same time provides island benefits, air quality, opportunities of recreation, wildlife habitat and other benefits of the community. The green infrastructure is made up of management practices for the site that sustain hydrologic functions that are natural, through the absorption and infiltration of precipitation at the areas where it settles. The concept can be expanded to multifunction green infrastructure where more activities can be incorporated on the same piece of land as long as it helps lower the effects of storm water. An example is of the Chicago urban forest where the city of Chicago is benefiting from the trees through heat wave reduction and purified air. Sustainable site Design This method is used together with low impact development. Landscape architec ts and site designers can incorporate the use of better methods of conserving the environment when coming up with new building designs. Campaigning for a regenerative plan when building landscapes, maintains and restore important ecological functions. Doing this will make the design process for new and redeveloped sites that not only minimizes damage to the environment but also actively helps to repair it. Therefore, building structures that take into consideration the environmental conservation is a growing trend as more governments are encouraging this. The concept of going green when embraced by construction companies makes both the company and the environment benefactors (Venhaus 2012). Environmental Site Design (ESD) This is whereby measures are employed on small-scale they include; storm water management are observed, better site planning and nonstructural techniques to imitate normal hydrologic runoff features and reduce the effects of land development on water resources. Thi s approach can also be said to seek to emulate natural systems follow the flow path of the storm water, by applying design principles in the site of the development. Its goal is to form a system that copies water quality and natural hydrology. The Environment Site Design practices are applied in the construction process and kept for the future as a natural system that would need low maintenance. Each practice decreases the amount of storm water, as it goes to the stream, therefore maintaining a low requirement of infrastructure needed to control the storm water. The ESD practices consist of natural areas preservation, minimizing the disturbance of land, treating storm water by using areas that are vegetated, providing lower ratios of parking and the use of conservation design. This method incorporates other methods such as low impact development, better site design, green infrastructure and sustainable site design (Zevenbergen, 2011). Minimization of Pollutants in the Runoff Polluti on of the environment also plays a major role in how water is drained. This is because they act as a hindrance. The effects of storm water can be reduced by keeping materials and chemicals that would be harmful to the water from the runoff. The runoff should be kept free of any pollutants such as oil stains and several other automotive fluids, which can be carried away easily by rainwater. Store chemicals in waterproof containers and keep them away from runoff areas. Chemicals should be mixed in contained areas where spillages onto the runoffs would be avoided. When applying chemicals such as fertilizers, apply just what will be enough, in order to avoid excess chemicals from being washed away by the storm water. The chemicals should also be applied when there are no signs of coming rain in order to avoid waste, as they can be easily washed away. Road salts and de-icing products should be used in little amounts, since high concentrations of these chemicals can be harmful plants and animals. The salts are washed off the roads and pavements by storm water and carried into the natural systems. If used in great quantities, the excess should be cleaned up. Other alternatives such as kitty litter should also be considered, as they are less toxic. Animal droppings or manure should be kept from the runoff. They should be flushed in the toilet if they are not mixed with other materials or wrapped and disposed in the garbage. The Use of Structural Soils and Trees Due to increased urbanization, deforestation has taken place at alarming rates to cater for the urban centers. It is because of this that soil structures and vegetative cover can no longer decrease storm water runoff. This is a drawback, as groundwater becomes less affecting water quality and damaging aquatic habitats. Thus, another method for storm water management is to employ the use of structural soils and trees. This top vegetation is used to guide the rainwater to water catchments areas. Trees are grown i n strategic places so that the water is absorbed into the ground. Structural soils can also be used in areas where vegetation does not grow easily. These are soils that are beneath runoff areas cannot support the life of living organisms such as plants. This is because roots cannot pass through such soils since they are too strong. These soils in the runoffs are used for supporting the weight from the vehicles and meet other engineering needs. This method has been adopted in many areas especially when one also wants to conserve soil nutrients (Parzwash, 2011). Conclusion It is because of employing storm management techniques; the environment is able to be benefit from these methods. More countries have adopted the concept of going green and offer incentives to companies and firms that adopt this initiative. Storm water management is thus important as it helps human beings avoid natural calamities such as floods and landslides. At the end of the day, the people who benefit when the e nvironment is safeguarded are the living things. Since human beings are at the top of the totem pole, it is their responsibility to ensure that the environment is not degraded. They should always seek to find more ways to manage storm water. Reference: Venhaus, H. (2012). Designing the sustainable site: Integrated design strategies for small-scale sites and residential landscapes. Hoboken, N.J: John Wiley Sons United States. (1993). Storm water management and technology. Park Ridge, N.J., U.S.A: Noyes Data Corp. Pazwash, H. (2011). Urban storm water management. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. Zevenbergen, C. (2011). Urban flood management. Boca Raton: CRC Press. Urbonas, B., Stahre, P., Stahre, P. (1993). Storm water: Best management practices and detention for water quality, drainage, and CSO management. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: PTR Prentice Hall. We will write a custom essay sample on Storm Water Management Essay Example specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Storm Water Management Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Storm Water Management Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

40 Million Years of Dog Evolution

40 Million Years of Dog Evolution In many ways, the story of dog evolution follows the same plot line as the evolution of horses and elephants: a small, inoffensive, ancestral species gives rise, over the course of tens of millions of years, to the respectably sized descendants we know and love today. But there are two big differences in this case: first, dogs are carnivores, and the evolution of carnivores is a twisty, serpentine affair involving not only dogs, but prehistoric hyenas, bears, cats, and now-extinct mammals like creodonts and mesonychids. And second, of course, dog evolution took a sharp right turn about 15,000 years ago, when the first wolves were domesticated by early humans (see a gallery of prehistoric dog pictures). As far as paleontologists can tell, the very first carnivorous mammals evolved during the late Cretaceous period, about 75 million years ago (the half-pound Cimolestes, which lived high up in trees, being the most likely candidate). However, its more likely that every carnivorous animal alive today can trace its ancestry back to Miacis, a slightly bigger, weasel-like creature that lived about 55 million years ago, or 10 million years after the dinosaurs went extinct. Miacis was far from a fearsome killer, though: this tiny furball was also arboreal and feasted on insects and eggs as well as small animals. Before the Canids: Creodonts, Mesonychids, and Friends Modern dogs evolved from a line of carnivorous mammals called canids, after the characteristic shape of their teeth. Before (and alongside) the canids, though, there were such diverse families of predators as amphicyonids (the bear dogs, typified by Amphicyon, which seem to have been more closely related to bears than dogs), prehistoric hyenas (Ictitherium was the first of this group to live on the ground rather than in trees), and the marsupial dogs of South America and Australia. Although vaguely dog-like in appearance and behavior, these predators werent directly ancestral to modern canines. Even more fearsome than bear dogs and marsupial dogs were mesonychids and creodonts. The most famous mesonychids were the one-ton Andrewsarchus, the largest ground-dwelling carnivorous mammal that ever lived, and the smaller and more wolflike Mesonyx. Oddly enough, mesonychids were ancestral not to modern dogs or cats, but to prehistoric whales. The creodonts, on the other hand, left no living descendants; the most noteworthy members of this breed were Hyaenodon and the strikingly named Sarkastodon, the former of which looked (and behaved) like a wolf and the latter of which looked (and behaved) like a grizzly bear. The First Canids: Hesperocyon and the "Bone-Crushing Dogs" Paleontologists agree that the late Eocene (about 40 to 35 million years ago) Hesperocyon was directly ancestral to all later canids- and thus to the genus Canis, which branched off from a subfamily of canids about six million years ago. This western dog was only about the size of a small fox, but its inner-ear structure was characteristic of later dogs, and theres some evidence that it may have lived in communities, either high up in trees or in underground burrows. Hesperocyon is very well-represented in the fossil record; in fact, this was one of the most common mammals of prehistoric North America. Another group of early canids was the borophagines, or bone-crushing dogs, equipped with powerful jaws and teeth suitable for scavenging the carcasses of mammalian megafauna. The largest, most dangerous borophagines were the 100-pound Borophagus and the even bigger Epicyon; other genera included the earlier Tomarctus and Aelurodon, which were more reasonably sized. We cant say for sure, but theres some evidence that these bone-crushing dogs (which were also restricted to North America) hunted or scavenged in packs, like modern hyenas. The First True Dogs: Leptocyon, Eucyon, and the Dire Wolf Heres where things get a bit confusing. Shortly after the appearance of Hesperocyon 40 million years ago, Leptocyon arrived on the scene- not a brother, but more like a second cousin once removed. Leptocyon was the first true canine (that is, it belonged to the caninae subfamily of the canidae family), but a small and unobtrusive one, not much bigger than Hesperocyon itself. The immediate descendant of Leptocyon, Eucyon, had the good fortune to live at a time when both Eurasia and South America were accessible from North America- the first via the Bering land bridge, and the second thanks to the uncovering of central America. In North America, about six million years ago, populations of Eucyon evolved into the first members of the modern dog genus Canis, which spread to these other continents. But the tale doesnt end there. Although canines (including the first coyotes) continued to live in North America during the Pliocene epoch, the first plus-sized wolves evolved elsewhere, and re-invaded North America shortly before the ensuing Pleistocene (via that same Bering land bridge). The most famous of these canines was the Dire Wolf, Canis diris, which evolved from an old world wolf that colonized both North and South America (by the way, the Dire Wolf competed directly for prey with Smilodon, the saber-toothed tiger.) The end of the Pleistocene epoch witnessed the rise of human civilization around the world. As far as we can tell, the first domestication of the Gray Wolf occurred somewhere in Europe or Asia anywhere from 30,000 to 15,000 years ago. After 40 million years of evolution, the modern dog had finally made its debut!

Learn How to Conjugate Gagner (to Win) in French

Learn How to Conjugate Gagner (to Win) in French French verbs tend to be a challenge for students. While the conjugations of  gagner  are rather common, remembering that it means to win or to earn is a bit more difficult. Yet, by the time youre done learning how to conjugate  gagner  to mean won or will earn, it will be implanted in your memory. Conjugating the French Verb  Gagner Gagner  is a  regular -ER verb  and it follows a very common verb conjugation pattern. In fact, the majority of French verbs use the same endings youll learn here and that makes each new one just a little easier to remember. Whenever we begin a conjugation, its important to recognize the verb stem. In this case, its  gagn-. With that bit of knowledge, we can add a variety of endings that match both the subject pronoun and the tense of the sentence. For instance, I am winning is je gagne and we will win is nous gagnerons. Subject Present Future Imperfect je gagne gagnerai gagnais tu gagnes gagneras gagnais il gagne gagnera gagnait nous gagnons gagnerons gagnions vous gagnez gagnerez gagniez ils gagnent gagneront gagnaient The Present Participle of  Gagner The  present participle  of  gagner  is formed by adding -ant  to the verb stem, giving us  gagnant. Its a very useful word that stretches beyond the verb usage. You may also find it helpful as an adjective, gerund, or noun. The Past Participle and Passà © Composà © The  passà © composà ©Ã‚  is a common past tense form used in French. To construct it, begin by conjugating the  auxiliary verb  avoir  to match the subject pronoun, then attach the  past participle  gagnà ©. For example, I won is jai gagnà © and we earned is nous avons gagnà ©. More Simple  Gagner  Conjugations to Learn While those forms of  gagner  are most important, there are a few more conjugations you should consider learning. In conversation, for instance, you can imply a degree of uncertainty or dependency by using either the subjunctive verb mood or the conditional. If you read a lot of French, you will encounter the passà © simple. Likewise, the imperfect  subjunctive is a literary tense and its a good idea to be able to recognize these. Subject Subjunctive Conditional Pass Simple Imperfect Subjunctive je gagne gagnerais gagnai gagnasse tu gagnes gagnerais gagnas gagnasses il gagne gagnerait gagna gagnt nous gagnions gagnerions gagnmes gagnassions vous gagniez gagneriez gagntes gagnassiez ils gagnent gagneraient gagnrent gagnassent To use  gagner  in short statements, use the imperative form and skip the subject pronoun. Instead of tu gagne, use gagne alone. Imperative (tu) gagne (nous) gagnons (vous) gagnez

Assessment in science(Schools in England) Essay

Assessment in science(Schools in England) - Essay Example For one, NC has increased the number of students learning science. A key intention of the NC was to have students aged 5-16 learning science in primary and secondary education, as outlined in the Science 5-16 DES policy statement which was outlined in March 1985. Secondly, the NC has inculcated more effectiveness in teaching and learning of sciences. This is because the DES policy statement emphasised that teaching science was to include both the acquisition of knowledge and comprehension of facts and principles of science (which was to be done in a broad and balanced manner) and the methods of science. In this respect, science became a core subject alongside mathematics and English (Great Britain Parliament, House of Commons, Children, Schools and Families Committee, 2009, 17 and the Great Britain Dept. for Education and Employment, 1999, 34). The NC also lifted up performance in science subjects. This follows the outlining of the form that the policy would take, by the Education Re form Act 1988. ... Studying the science and arts subjects alike, under the programme is to culminate into sitting for the GCSE, when one finishes the Key Stage 4. This ensures that those who proceed to a higher level of learning are fully equipped, cognitively and academically. Thus, students are able to perform academically in higher levels of learning. Again, the same students’ ability to perform and comprehend concepts in higher standards of learning inculcates confidence and a positive attitude among them and extirpates chances for dropouts (Pollard and Bourne, 1994, 22). The teaching of biology, chemistry and physics has also become more standardised, following the changes that the Qualifications and Curriculum Authority for 2006 amendments made. This measure was to help ensure that those issuing guidance and information top science learners in years 9-11 of their studies have a single document that contains accurate and updated information on the opportunities, support and qualifications t hat are available. It is by this virtue that many students have gained increased awareness on sciences and the opportunities that accost studying science (Daugherty, 1995, 17 and Kelly, 1990, 14). According to Watts (1991, 12), the NC also helped further synchronise scientific disciplines and learning of sciences at the national level. This happened especially as changes were made in the 2006 national curriculum. The main changes included information regarding planning timetables, deciding between specifications and understanding the implications for teaching sciences and knowing where to obtain necessary resources from (Daugherty, Phillips and Rees, 2000, 17). The content of the science subjects being taught has also expanded, following the introduction of key stages. Particularly, one of

Political Economy Lectures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Political Economy Lectures - Essay Example The Council on American Islamic Relations (CAIR) is an organization whose main aim is to advocate for the rights of Muslims in North America. It can be said that it represents all Muslim who live in North America. Its headquarters are situated in Washington D.C, and it has offices in at least twenty states and in Canada, and advocating for mutual understanding and justice is its vision. Its mission is to empower all American Muslims,, protect their rights, encourage dialogue and promoting understanding and justice through building coalitions. The talk informed us of what the Council on American-Islam Relations (CAIR) does in its day to day operations. They include, protecting the rights of American Muslims during questioning by the Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI) and other law enforcement agencies, fighting for the rights of Muslims who have been subjected to employment discrimination and even those who have been terminated wrongfully. It also stopped unlawful seizers of prope rty by law enforcement and also advocates for equal student rights in schools and other learning institutions. The talks also sort to educate us on how people stereotype Muslims in America. ... Most people picked the first two photographs because the people in the photographs had dressed in a manner suggesting they were Muslims. The speaker showed how people were wrong by telling them that even the blond lady in one of the photographs was indeed a Muslim. The talk also informed us on the demography associated with Muslims in America. The speaker pointed out that Democrat accepted Muslim Americans more than Republicans. For instance the speaker pointed out that in the 2008 presidential elections seventy nine percent of Muslims living in America voted for the candidate from the Democratic Party. It was also pointed out that the Republican Party should advocate for the rights of American Muslim since they hold a significant percentage of the national vote. The theme of the talk was generally tolerance towards Muslims in America. The speaker aimed at showing how and why Muslims living in America are subjected to a lot of torment due to the issue of terrorism. He showed this by identifying the rise of Anti-Islam movements and Islam phobia in the United States of America. Islamophobia is an extreme fear of and hatred of Muslims. After the terrorist attack on the twin towers in September 11th 2001, hatred and fear of Muslim in America rose. Since then, Muslims in America have been put to discrimination and violence. ` After the talk, it was clear how Muslims in America have been oppressed. The talk made me realize that the opinion I had about Muslims in general was just a stereotype and that it was wrong. I came to understand what Muslims go through and how their rights are violated. I would encourage the Council on American-Islam Relation (CAIR) to continue with their good work in lobbying for the rights of